Protective helmet

ABSTRACT

A protective helmet. The protective helmet includes an outer layer and an inner layer, each formed of a hard material. The outer layer and the inner layer each further include a concave interior surface and a convex exterior surface. A flexible connector connects the concave interior surface of the outer layer to the convex exterior surface of the inner layer. The flexible connector is configured to allow the outer layer to laterally shift relative to the inner layer upon impact to the protective helmet. Upon impact, the convex surface moves along the inclined planed of the concave surface in a direction opposite of the impact, while the stretched flexible connector provides a restoring force pulling the inner and outer layers back to their original positions.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/131,087, filed Sep. 14, 2018 (now allowed), which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/827,689,filed Nov. 30, 2017 and titled “Protective Helmet,” the entireties ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to all types of helmets and, moreparticularly, to a helmet that protects a wearer from concussions.

Head trauma resulting from sports and other activities is a commonoccurrence. Generally, head trauma occurs when an object impacts thehead, thereby transferring energy to the head. A common head traumaresulting from sports is a concussion, which occurs when the brain bangsinside the skull and is bruised. To reduce the incidence of skullfracture and concussion, it is common practice to wear a protectivehelmet. Protective helmets are ostensibly designed to deflect and absorbenergy transmitted by impact to the helmet, thereby diminishing the riskof head fracture and brain injury resulting from the impact.

Protective athletic helmets have been worn for almost a century, andhave evolved from sewn leather, to helmets having molded plastic outershells with suspension webbing or other head fitting structures such asfoam pads, air bladders, or padded molding on their interior. Despitethe evolution of the protective helmets, the reported rate ofconcussions has been increasing amongst students and professionalathletes in many sports and other activities While some experts haveattributed this increase to better reporting and diagnosis, otherexperts have attributed the increase to increased forces generated ascompetitive athletes continue to increase in size (mass) and increasetheir ability to accelerate.

As can be seen, there is a need for an improved helmet that reduces therisk of concussions due to impact.

SUMMARY

Disclosed embodiments include, a protective helmet that may include: anouter layer and an inner layer each formed of a hard material and eachincluding a concave interior surface and a convex exterior surface; atleast one flexible connector connecting the concave interior surface ofthe outer layer to the convex exterior surface of the inner layer, wherethe at least one flexible connector is configured to allow the outerlayer to laterally shift relative to the inner layer upon impact to theprotective helmet.

In another disclosed embodiment, a protective helmet may include: anouter layer and an inner layer each formed of a hard material and eachincluding a concave interior surface and a convex exterior surface; atleast one flexible connector connecting the concave interior surface ofthe outer layer to the convex exterior surface of the inner layer, areceptacle coupled to one of the concave interior surface of the outerlayer and the convex exterior surface of the inner layer; and aprotrusion coupled to the other of the concave interior surface of theouter layer and the convex exterior surface of the inner layer, wherethe at least one flexible connector is configured to allow the outerlayer to laterally shift relative to the inner layer upon impact to theprotective helmet, and the protrusion is disposed within the receptacle,and laterally shifts within the receptacle upon the impact to theprotective helmet.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only,and are not restrictive of the disclosed embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate several embodiments and, togetherwith the description, serve to explain the disclosed principles. In thedrawings:

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a helmet consistent with disclosedembodiments;

FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of a helmet consistent withdisclosed embodiments;

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of helmet layers consistent withdisclosed embodiments;

FIG. 4 is a section view a helmet, taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 1,consistent with disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 5 is a detail section view of an embodiment of a helmetillustrating movement of a ball within a bowl, consistent with disclosedembodiments; and

FIG. 6 is a detail section view of a helmet, taken along line 6-6 inFIG. 5 illustrating movement of a ball within a bowl, consistent withdisclosed embodiments;

FIGS. 7A and 7B are illustrations of a convex member and concave member,consistent with disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a convex member and concave member,consistent with disclosed embodiments;

FIGS. 9A and 9B are illustrations of example configurations of a convexmember and concave member, consistent with disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 10 is a cutaway illustration of a convex member and concave memberin a helmet, consistent with disclosed embodiments;

FIGS. 11A-11D are illustrations of displacement of a convex memberwithin a concave member, consistent with disclosed embodiments;

FIGS. 12A-12C are illustrations of an inner component of a helmet,consistent with disclosed embodiments;

FIGS. 13A-13C are illustrations of an elastomeric strip, consistent withdisclosed embodiments;

FIG. 14 is an illustration of a helmet, consistent with disclosedembodiments;

FIG. 15A is an illustration of a helmet, consistent with disclosedembodiments; and

FIG. 15B is an illustration of a flexible connector, consistent withdisclosed embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following detailed description is of the best currently contemplatedmodes of carrying out exemplary embodiments of the invention. Thedescription is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merelyfor the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention,since the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.

Disclosed embodiments describe a helmet that reduces impact forces to auser's head. In some embodiments, the helmet may further preventconcussions from happening. In certain embodiments, the helmet includesan inner and an outer shell. The shells may be mounted together byspring loads and/or compression mounts. Some embodiments further includean inclined plane bowl-shaped receptacle disposed between the shells,and a rounded protrusion disposed within the inclined plane bowl-shapedreceptacle. The components of the helmet may convert energy exerted onthe outer helmet into a push/pull energy between the shells, therebydiffusing the energy before it reaches the inner shell and the usershead. Further, the inclined plane of the bowl may cause a decelerationof the impact, with tension between the inner and outer shells. Thespace between the two shells can be filled with additional padding foradded protection to the user such that the inner and outer shells areable to move relative to each other without interference.

Referring to FIGS. 1 through 6, the disclosed embodiments include aprotective helmet having an outer layer 10 and an inner layer 16 eachformed of a hard material. The outer layer 10 and the inner layer 16 mayeach further include a concave interior surface and a convex exteriorsurface. Air vents 28 may be formed through the outer layer 10 and theinner layer 16. A flexible connector 18 may connected the concaveinterior surface of the outer layer 10 to the convex exterior surface ofthe inner layer 16. The flexible connector 18 may be configured to allowthe outer layer 10 to laterally shift relative to the inner layer 16upon impact to the protective helmet.

Some embodiments may include a receptacle 22 and a protrusion 26. Thereceptacle 22 and the protrusion 26 may be secured to a central portionof the helmet. The receptacle 22 may include a bottom side and a topside. The bottom side may be coupled to one of the concave interiorsurface of the outer layer 10 and the convex exterior surface of theinner layer 16. As illustrated in the Figures, the bottom side may becoupled to the convex exterior surface of the inner layer 16 by rivets24 or other fasteners. The top side of the receptacle 22 may include aninner surface that forms the receptacle. In some embodiments, theprotrusion and receptacle may be molded into the inner and outer layersof the helmet, respectively. The inner surface may include an inclinedplane running from a central axis to an upper edge. For example, theinner surface may be bowl-shape, concave shape, conical shape,frusta-conical shape and the like. The protrusion 26 may be coupled tothe other of the concave interior surface of the outer layer 10 and theconvex exterior surface of the inner layer 16. As illustrated in theFigures, the protrusion 26 may be coupled to the concave interiorsurface of the outer layer 10. An outer surface of the protrusion 26 maybe a mirror image of the inner surface of the of the receptacle 22. Forexample, the outer surface of the protrusion 26 may be rounded, ballshaped, wedge shaped, a conical shape, a frusto-conical shape and thelike. The flexible connector 18 may bias the protrusion 26 to restwithin the central axis of the receptacle 22.

When a force is exerted on the protective outer shell due to impact, theflexible connector 18 may deform and the outer layer 10 may laterallyshift relative to the inner layer 16. Due to the shifting between layers10, 16, the protrusion 26 shifts within the bowl-shaped receptacle 22and travels up the inclined plane, which dissipates and/or diffusesenergy as the layers 10, 16 are pushed away from one another. After theimpact, the flexible connector 18 recovers and the protrusion 26 shiftsback to the central axis of the receptacle 22.

The flexible connector 18 may include a plurality of flexible pegsconnecting the outer layer 10 to the inner layer 16. The plurality offlexible pegs may be evenly spaced apart about the perimeter of theouter layer 10 and the inner layer 16. A gap 12 may be formed betweenthe outer layer 10 and the inner layer 16 due to the flexible pegs 18separating the outer layer 10 from the inner layer 16. The flexible pegs18 may include a rubber elasticity. For example, the flexible pegs 18may be formed of a rubber. In some embodiments, the rubber may have aYoung's modulus, for example, between 0 and 50 on the Shore D Durometerscale.

The protective helmet may further include additional padding. Forexample, some embodiments may include a plurality of compression mounts20 secured to one of the concave interior surface of the outer layer 10and the convex exterior surface of the inner layer 16. The compressionmounts 20 may be made of a material having rubber elasticity and mayabsorb additional force from the impact.

Some embodiments may further include an intermediary layer 14 formed ofa foam padding material. The intermediary layer 14 may be disposedbetween the outer layer 10 and the inner layer 16. For example, theintermediary layer 14 may be adhered to the convex exterior surface ofthe inner layer 16. The intermediary layer 14 may be made of foam. Thefoam may be an elastomeric, cellular (including microcellular) foam orany other desirable foam. The intermediary layer 14 may be made of asoft resilient thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) (i.e., having a Shorehardness considerably below the Shore hardness of the hard material). Inanother embodiment, the intermediary layer 14 is made of open-cellpolyurethane. In another embodiment, intermediary layer 14 is made ofclosed cell polyolefin foam. In another embodiment, the intermediarylayer 14 is made of polyethylene foam which may be a high- orlow-density polyethylene foam.

In certain embodiments, the helmet may include a plurality of cushioningpads 30 attached to the concave interior surface of the inner layer 16.The cushioning pads 30 may be made of foam. The foam may be anelastomeric, cellular (including microcellular) foam or any otherdesirable foam. In another embodiment, the cushioning pads 30 are madeof a soft resilient thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). In anotherembodiment, cushioning pads 30 are made of an open-cell polyurethane. Inanother embodiment, the cushioning pads 30 are made of a closed cellpolyolefin foam. In another embodiment, the cushioning pads 30 are madeof a polyethylene foam which may be a high- or low-density polyethylenefoam.

The hard material may be considerably harder than the flexibleconnectors 18, the intermediary layer 14 and the cushioning pads 30. Inone embodiment, the hard layers 10, 16 are made of a polycarbonateshell. In another embodiment, the hard layers 10, 16 are made of adifferent hard plastic such a polypropylene. In another embodiment, thehard layers 10, 16 are made of ABS resin. In another embodiment, thehard layers 10, 16 are made of carbon fiber or fiberglass. In anotherembodiment, the hard layers 10, 16 are made of a polypropylene which isconsiderably harder than the materials intermediary layer 14 and theflexible connectors 18. Generally, the hardness of the hard layers 10,16 structure may be characterized by a hardness on the Shore D Durometerscale (typically Shore D 75 and over).

FIG. 7A is a top-down view of a convex member 702 and FIG. 7B is atop-down view of a concave member 704. Convex member 702 may include aconvex surface 703 and a surface 705, shown in FIG. 8. Convex surface703 may be conical or frusto-conical and may be configured to fit into aspace defined by a surface 706 of concave member 704. Concave member 704may include a concave surface 706 defining a space having the samegeometry of convex surface 703 and may include a base surface 714. Insome embodiments, as described with reference to FIGS. 1-6, convexmember 702 may have a different geometry than surface 706 of concavemember 704.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of convex member 702 and concave member704. The surface 706 may be concave or may be an inclined plane suchthat convex member 702 may slide laterally against surface 706. In someembodiments, the concave and convex members may have, for example, adiameter of 2.5 in. In some embodiments, the convex and concave membersmay have different diameters. The height of the each of the concavemember 704 and convex member 702 may vary based on the desired inclineof surface 706. In some embodiments, convex member 702 and concavemember 704 may have equal heights. In other embodiments, the height ofconvex member 702 may be greater than or less than the height of concavemember 704.

FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate two exemplary assemblies 707 and 709,respectively. Each assembly includes a convex member 702 nested in aconcave member 704. Assembly 707 includes a concave surface 706 havingan incline of 45 degrees relative to a central axis normal to assembly707. Assembly 709 includes a concave surface 706 having an incline of 30degrees relative to the central axis. In some embodiments, the assembly709 may have an incline of 25 degrees or greater. The depth and geometryof the concave surface 706 and the geometry and height of convex surface703 may vary depending on the helmet's intended use or requiredspecifications. For example, assembly 707 may prevent a larger amount ofrelative displacement between the inner and outer layers (e.g., layers10 and 16 as described with reference to FIGS. 1-6) of the helmet thanassembly 709 because the concave surface 706 of assembly 707 has agreater incline and greater depth than concave surface 706 of assembly709. Thus, for assembly 707, the amount of energy required to shift theconvex member 702 relative to the concave member 704 is greater than theamount of energy required to shift the convex member 702 and concavemember 704 of assembly 709. Analogously, a smaller amount of force wouldbe required to displace convex member 702 nested in concave member 704.Exemplary inclines of surface 706 may be 25 degrees or greater, forexample, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, etc. In some embodiments,the degree of incline is symmetric about the central axis of the convexand concave members.

FIG. 10 illustrates the convex member 702 nested in concave member 704in an exemplary helmet, such as that described with reference to FIG. 1.In some embodiments, surface 705 may be disposed proximate an innersurface 711 of an outer layer (e.g., layer 10, depicted in FIG. 1).Convex member 702 may be joined to the outer layer of the helmet withscrews disposed in bore holes 708, which are parallel to a central axisof the convex member 702 passing through the outer layer and surface 705of convex member 702. In some embodiments, surface 705 may be flat. Inother embodiments, the surface 705 may be configured to have the samecurvature as the inner surface 711 of the outer layer. Base surface 714may be disposed proximate an outer surface 713 of an inner layer (e.g.,layer 16, depicted in FIG. 1) of a helmet. Concave member 704 may bejoined to the inner layer with one or more screws disposed in one ormore bore holes 708 parallel to the central axis of concave member 704passing through the inner layer of the helmet and base surface 714. Inother embodiments, either one or both of convex member 702 and concavemember 704 may be joined to the outer and inner layers, respectively, byany means known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. For example,surface 705 and base surface 714 may be configured to snap-fit intocutaway portions of the outer and inner layers, respectively. In someembodiments, one or both of convex member 702 and concave member 704 sitwithin a cutaway portion of the outer and inner layers, respectively, todecrease the overall thickness of the helmet. In other embodiments,concave member 704 may be fixedly joined to the inner layer and convexmember 702 may be fixedly joined to the outer layer.

FIGS. 11A-11D illustrate exemplary displacements of convex member 702about a central axis. Convex member 702 may have a 360-degree range ofmotion about the central axis of concave member 704. For example, whenan impact occurs at a point on the outer layer of the helmet, the convexmember 702 may laterally shift within concave member 704. As the convexmember 702 moves laterally, the incline of surface 706 forces the convexmember 702 and outer layer to move away from the inner layer along thecentral axis. Thus, rather than the energy of the impact beingtransferred to the inner layer and then to the wearer of the helmet, theenergy is translated to a displacement of the outer layer relative tothe inner layer. Unlike conventional helmets that use materials such asfoam, struts, padding, or the like, to absorb the energy of the impact,the nested convex and concave members diffuse the energy of an impact.In the case of a forceful impact, instead of transferring energy to thewearer, disclosed embodiments translate the energy to displace theconvex member. As the force of the impact increases, the distancebetween the inner and outer components increases, which generates agreater restoring force from one or more elastomeric components(described below with reference to FIGS. 13A-13C) configured to join theouter layer and inner layer of the helmet, which increases as the amountby which the elastomeric components are stretched. Therefore, the energyof the impact is diffused into the pushing apart of the components dueto the relative movement of the convex and concave members and the pullof the elastomeric components in response to being stretched by therelative movement of the inner and outer components.

FIG. 12A is another exemplary embodiment of an inner component 810 of ahelmet. In this embodiment, a plurality of compression mounts 814 arejoined to inner component 810. Each compression mount 814 (shown in FIG.12B) may be formed of an elastomeric material. The elastomeric materialmay be, for example, a soft, resilient thermoplastic material. Thecompression mounts 814 may be joined to the inner component 810, forexample, by being snapped into a hole in inner component 810, as shownin FIG. 12C. The inner surface of the outer shell (e.g., layer 10) mayrest on the cupped portions of the compression mounts 814 such that thecompression mounts 814 may be free to move along the inner surface ofthe outer shell. Each compression mount 814 may have a height equal tothat of concave member 804. In some embodiments, the height of eachcompression mount 814 may be less than or greater than the height ofconcave member 804. The number and placement of compression mounts 814may vary based on the intended use or required specifications of thehelmet.

FIG. 13A is an illustration of a connector strip 916. Connector strip916 may form a central cavity 918 and may have two wings 920 a, 920 bextending tangentially from the central cavity of the strip 918.Connector strip 916 may join the inner and outer components of thehelmet as shown in FIG. 13C. For example, wing 920 a may be fixedlyjoined to the inner component and wing 920 b may be fixedly joined tothe outer helmet. Connector strip 916 may be formed of an elastomericmaterial, e.g., rubber.

Upon impact to the outer component of the helmet and subsequentdisplacement of the outer component relative to the inner component, theconnector strip 916 may stretch (shown in FIG. 13B) between thecomponents and may pull the respective components back into theirrespective original positions. The material of strip 916 may vary basedon the intended use or required specifications of the helmet.

FIG. 14 is a bottom-up view of an exemplary helmet 1000 having one ormore springs 1024 configured to supply a restoring force upon impact. Insome embodiments, helmet 1000 may include any combination of springs,connector strips, and flexible connectors, which will be described withreference to FIGS. 15A-15B. Helmet 1000 may include an inner component1010 and outer component 1020. Inner and outer components 1010, 1020 maybe formed of a hard material, e.g., hard plastic, fiberglass, or carbonfiber. In some embodiments, the inner component 1010 and outer component1020 are formed of different materials. Inner component 1010 and outercomponent 1020 may be held in position relative to each other by one ormore conical springs 1024. Conical springs 1024 may be joined at a widerend to the inner surface of the outer component 1020 and may be joinedat a narrower end to the outer surface of inner component 1010. In someembodiments, springs 1024 may be variable rate springs. In someembodiments, helmet 1000 may include any combination of front (notshown), back 1026, or side 1028 padding to provide additional comfortand protection to the wearer. The front, back 1026, and side 1028padding may be disposed on either one or both of inner component 1010 orouter component 1020.

FIG. 15A is a side view of another exemplary helmet 1100 including aconnector strip 1116 and flexible connectors 1136 (described below withreference to FIG. 15B). In some embodiments, helmet 1000 may include oneor more connectors 1116. Outer component 1122 is disposed over innercomponent 1110. In some embodiments, connector strip 1116 may bedisposed around the edges of the inner and outer components 1110 and1122 in the gap 1128 formed between the inner surface of the outercomponent 1122 and the outer surface of the inner component 1110.Connector strip 1116 may be joined by each wing, 920 a, 920 b, of theconnector strip 1116 to each respective component with fasteners 1130.For example, the connector strip 1116 may be fixedly joined to the innerand outer components by snap-fitting a plurality of connectors 1130through one or more holes in each wing of the connector and in the innerand outer components of the helmet, respectively. In other embodiments,the wings 920 a, 920 b of connector strip 1116 may be joined to theinner 1110 and outer 1122 components respectively using an adhesive,rubber glue, or other fastening method. Connector strip 1116 may beformed of an elastomeric material, e.g., rubber, or may be springs (asshown in FIG. 14). Helmet 1100 may further include a plurality ofcompression mounts 1114 snapped into the inner component 1110, such ascompression mounts 814, described with reference to FIGS. 12A-12C.

FIG. 15B is an exemplary flexible connector 1136. Flexible connector1136 may be the same as flexible pegs 18 described with reference toFIG. 1. Flexible connector 1136 may be snap-fit into a bore hole in eachof the inner and outer components, thereby connection the inner andouter components. Other geometries of flexible connector 1136 may beused such that each end of connector 1136 is configured to join securelyto each of inner component 1110 and outer component 1122, respectively.Flexible connector 1136 may be formed of, for example, an elastomer, andmay be configured to provide and elastic restoring force when stretched.Helmet 1100 may include a number of flexible connectors 1136 in anydistribution or configuration. In other embodiments, flexible connectors1136 may be springs, e.g., springs 1024 as shown in FIG. 14. In someembodiments, the ends of the flexible connectors may be joined to theinner and outer components of the helmet 1100 with an adhesive.

Referring again to FIG. 15A, in some embodiments, the outer surface ofinner component 1110 may further include one or more foam strips 1132 tofurther absorb energy from an impact. The inner surface of innercomponent 1110 may include one or more areas of foam padding 1134 toprovide additional protection to the wearer.

Concave member 1104 and convex member 1102 may be joined to the inner1110 and outer 1122 components, respectively. When helmet 1100 receivesan impact to the outer surface of outer component 1122, the inclinedplane of concave member 1104 causes the convex member 1102 to movevertically up the surface (e.g., surface 706) of the concave member1104. Depending on the direction of impact, portions of the outercomponent 1122 may move away from inner component 1110 while otherportions move toward inner component 1110. The separation of the twocomponents results in a stretching of the connector strip 1116 andflexible connector 1136. Thus, regardless of the direction of theimpact, the convex member 1102 may shift with respect to concave member1104 over a 360-degree range thereby permitting the inner and outercomponents of the helmet 1100 to move relative to one another. As thedisplacement occurs, the connector strip 1116 and/or flexible connectors1136, or in other embodiments, any combination of the springs, theflexible connectors or the connector strip, stretch to diffuse theenergy of the impact, and subsequently pull the inner and outercomponents back into their original positions. Unlike current helmets,helmet 1100 may translate the energy from the force of an impact intorelative motion of the inner and outer components, rather thanattempting to absorb the energy with the wearer still receiving energyfrom the impact.

In some embodiments, the previously described components, e.g.,connector strip 1116, flexible connectors 1136, compression mounts 814,concave member 1104, convex member 1102, etc., may be retro-fit into ahelmet. For example, football helmets may be returned to themanufacturer for refurbishment and then returned to the user. A helmetmay be retro-fit with any combination of the above-described componentsduring refurbishment. In another embodiment, a user may add anycombination of the above-described components to a helmet.

It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing relates toexemplary embodiments of the invention and that modifications may bemade without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as setforth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A helmet comprising: an inner component adaptedto cover the head of a wearer, the inner component having an innersurface and an outer surface: a concave member disposed on the outersurface of the inner component; an outer component adapted to cover theinner component, the outer component having an inner surface and anouter surface; a convex member disposed on the inner surface of theouter component and adapted to fit inside the concave member; and one ormore connectors disposed between the outer surface of the innercomponent and the inner surface of the outer component and fixedlyjoined to the respective surfaces.
 2. The helmet of claim 1, wherein theinner component and the outer component are formed of at least one of ahard plastic, fiberglass, or carbon fiber.
 3. The helmet of claim 1,wherein the concave member and the convex member comprise at least oneof a metal, a rigid plastic, or a ceramic.
 4. The helmet of claim 1,wherein the convex member comprises at least one of a conical orfrusto-conical protrusion configured to rest in an area of the sameshape defined by the concave member.
 5. The helmet of claim 4, whereinthe convex member is configured to laterally shift within the concavemember upon an impact to the outer component of the helmet.
 6. Thehelmet of claim 1, further comprising a connector strip fixedly joinedto the outer surface of the inner component and the inner surface of theouter component.
 7. The helmet of claim 6, wherein the connector stripcomprises: an elastomeric tube having a first wing projectingtangentially from the tube and a second wing projecting tangentiallyfrom the tube, wherein the first wing is joined to the outer surface ofthe inner helmet and the second wing is joined to the inner surface ofthe outer helmet.
 8. The helmet of claim 1, further comprising one ormore foam pads disposed on the inner surface of the inner component. 9.The helmet of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of compressionmounts joined to the inner component such that the inner surface of theouter component and the outer surface of the inner component define auniform gap.
 10. The helmet of claim 9, wherein the plurality ofcompression mounts are formed of an elastomer.
 11. The helmet of claim1, further comprising at least one foam strip disposed between the innercomponent and the outer component.
 12. A helmet comprising: an innercomponent adapted to cover the head of a wearer, the inner componenthaving an inner surface and an outer surface: a convex member disposedon the outer surface of the inner component; an outer component adaptedto cover the inner component, the outer component having an innersurface and an outer surface; a concave member disposed on the innersurface of the outer component and adapted to fit inside the concavemember; and one or more connectors disposed between the outer surface ofthe inner component and the inner surface of the outer component andfixedly joined to the respective surfaces.